The first update for Gallery Only is now available.

It makes some minor changes to the layout on both the HTML and CSS side which means that anything appearing below the gallery is spaced out a little better.

We’ve added a new class, .go_clear which adds this spacing and could be edited for the purposes of customisation if needed.

I’m pretty excited to demonstrate by new Gallery Plugin for WordPress. It’s the first one I’ve generated from scratch and uploaded to the WordPress site.

The plugin replaces the default gallery with clean looking gallery Carousel which utilises the Moodular jQuery plugin

To demonstrate it here are some photos taken by Ariane Barton on our recent holiday:

I’ll update this article once you can download the plugin from the WordPress Site.

Update: You can download the plugin from here.

Update: and it’s now up on the WordPress Plugin Directory site.

I’ve had the need for a list of countries lately. There are plenty around but the ones I could find in .csv format were all at least a few years out of date.

So after a fair bit of cut and paste I have pulled together a list which you, dear reader, are most welcome to.

You can down the csv of countries and country codes here | and the sql file here.

If you notice any errors, please let me know and I’ll update the files.

I’ve also pasted my list over the page.

“Afghanistan”;”AF”
“Albania”;”AL”
“Algeria”;”DZ”
“American Samoa”;”AS”
“Andorra”;”AD”
“Angola”;”AO”
“Anguilla”;”AI”
“Antarctica”;”AQ”
“Antigua and Barbuda”;”AG”
“Argentina”;”AR”
“Armenia”;”AM”
“Aruba”;”AW”
“Australia”;”AU”
“Austria”;”AT”
“Azerbaijan”;”AZ”
“Bahamas, The”;”BS”
“Bahrain”;”BH”
“Bangladesh”;”BD”
“Barbados”;”BB”
“Belarus”;”BY”
“Belgium”;”BE”
“Belize”;”BZ”
“Benin”;”BJ”
“Bhutan”;”BT”
“Bolivia”;”BO”
“Bosnia and Herzegovina”;”BA”
“Botswana”;”BW”
“Bouvet Island”;”BV”
“Brazil”;”BR”
“British Indian Ocean Territory”;”IO”
“British Virgin Islands”;”VG”
“Brunei Darussalam”;”BN”
“Bulgaria”;”BG”
“Burkina Faso”;”BF”
“Burundi”;”BI”
“Cambodia”;”KH”
“Cameroon”;”CM”
“Canada”;”CA”
“Cape Verde”;”CV”
“Cayman Islands”;”KY”
“Central African Republic”;”CF”
“Chad”;”TD”
“Chile”;”CL”
“China”;”CN”
“Christmas Island”;”CX”
“Cocos (Keeling) Islands”;”CC”
“Colombia”;”CO”
“Comoros”;”KM”
“Congo”;”CG”
“Democratic Republic of the Congo”;”CD”
“Cook Islands”;”CK”
“Costa Rica”;”CR”
“Croatia”;”HR”
“Cuba”;”CU”
“Cyprus”;”CY”
“Czech Republic”;”CZ”
“Denmark”;”DK”
“Djibouti”;”DJ”
“Dominica”;”DM”
“Dominican Republic”;”DO”
“East Timor (Timor-Leste)”;”TP”
“Ecuador”;”EC”
“Egypt”;”EG”
“El Salvador”;”SV”
“Equatorial Guinea”;”GQ”
“Eritrea”;”ER”
“Estonia”;”EE”
“Ethiopia”;”ET”
“European Union”;”EU”
“Falkland Islands (Malvinas)”;”FK”
“Faroe Islands”;”FO”
“Fiji”;”FJ”
“Finland”;”FI”
“France”;”FR”
“French Guiana”;”GF”
“French Polynesia”;”PF”
“French Southern Territory”;”TF”
“Gabon”;”GA”
“Gambia”;”GM”
“Georgia”;”GE”
“Germany”;”DE”
“Ghana”;”GH”
“Gibraltar”;”GI”
“Greece”;”GR”
“Greenland”;”GL”
“Grenada”;”GD”
“Guadeloupe”;”GP”
“Guam”;”GU”
“Guatemala”;”GT”
“Guernsey and Alderney”;”GG”
“Guinea”;”GN”
“Guinea-Bissau”;”GW”
“Guyana”;”GY”
“Haiti”;”HT”
“Heard & McDonald Is.(AU)”;”HM”
“Honduras”;”HN”
“Hong Kong, (China)”;”HK”
“Hungary”;”HU”
“Iceland”;”IS”
“India”;”IN”
“Indonesia”;”ID”
“Iran”;”IR”
“Iraq”;”IQ”
“Ireland”;”IE”
“Israel”;”IL”
“Italy”;”IT”
“Ivory Coast (Cote d’Ivoire)”;”CI”
“Jamaica”;”JM”
“Japan”;”JP”
“Jersey”;”JE”
“Jordan”;”JO”
“Kazakhstan”;”KZ”
“Kenya”;”KE”
“Kiribati”;”KI”
“Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)”;”KP”
“Republic of Korea (South Korea)”;”KR”
“Kosovo”;”KV”
“Kuwait”;”KW”
“Kyrgyzstan”;”KG”
“Lao”;”LA”
“Latvia”;”LV”
“Lebanon”;”LB”
“Lesotho”;”LS”
“Liberia”;”LR”
“Libyan Arab Jamahiriya”;”LY”
“Liechtenstein”;”LI”
“Lithuania”;”LT”
“Luxembourg”;”LU”
“Macao, (China)”;”MO”
“Macedonia, TFYR”;”MK”
“Madagascar”;”MG”
“Malawi”;”MW”
“Malaysia”;”MY”
“Maldives”;”MV”
“Mali”;”ML”
“Malta”;”MT”
“Man, Isle of”;”IM”
“Marshall Islands”;”MH”
“Martinique (FR)”;”MQ”
“Mauritania”;”MR”
“Mauritius”;”MU”
“Mayotte (FR)”;”YT”
“Mexico”;”MX”
“Micronesia, Fed. States of”;”FM”
“Moldova”;”MD”
“Monaco”;”MC”
“Mongolia”;”MN”
“Montenegro”;”CS”
“Montserrat”;”MS”
“Morocco”;”MA”
“Mozambique”;”MZ”
“Myanmar (ex-Burma)”;”MM”
“Namibia”;”NA”
“Nauru”;”NR”
“Nepal”;”NP”
“Netherlands”;”NL”
“Netherlands Antilles”;”AN”
“New Caledonia”;”NC”
“New Zealand”;”NZ”
“Nicaragua”;”NI”
“Niger”;”NE”
“Nigeria”;”NG”
“Niue”;”NU”
“Norfolk Island”;”NF”
“Northern Mariana Islands”;”MP4″
“Norway”;”NO”
“Oman”;”OM”
“Pakistan”;”PK”
“Palau”;”PW”
“Palestinian Territory”;”PS”
“Panama”;”PA”
“Papua New Guinea”;”PG”
“Paraguay”;”PY”
“Peru”;”PE”
“Philippines”;”PH”
“Pitcairn Island”;”PN”
“Poland”;”PL”
“Portugal”;”PT”
“Puerto Rico”;”PR”
“Qatar”;”QA”
“Reunion (FR)”;”RE”
“Romania”;”RO”
“Russia”;”RU”
“Rwanda”;”RW”
“Saint Barthelemy (FR)”;”BL”
“Saint Helena (UK)”;”SH”
“Saint Kitts and Nevis”;”KN”
“Saint Lucia”;”LC”
“Saint Martin (FR)”;”MF”
“S Pierre & Miquelon (FR)”;”PM”
“S Vincent & Grenadines”;”VC”
“Samoa”;”WS”
“San Marino”;”SM”
“Sao Tome and Principe”;”ST”
“Saudi Arabia”;”SA”
“Senegal”;”SN”
“Serbia”;”RS”
“Seychelles”;”SC”
“Sierra Leone”;”SL”
“Singapore”;”SG”
“Slovakia”;”SK”
“Slovenia”;”SI”
“Solomon Islands”;”SB”
“Somalia”;”SO”
“South Africa”;”ZA”
“S.George & S.Sandwich”;”GS”
“Spain”;”ES”
“Sri Lanka”;”LK”
“Sudan”;”SD”
“Suriname”;”SR”
“Svalbard and Jan Mayen Is.”;”SJ”
“Swaziland”;”SZ”
“Sweden”;”SE”
“Switzerland”;”CH”
“Syrian Arab Republic”;”SY”
“Taiwan”;”TW”
“Tajikistan”;”TJ”
“Tanzania”;”TZ”
“Thailand”;”TH”
“Timor-Leste (East Timor)”;”TL”
“Togo”;”TG”
“Tokelau”;”TK”
“Tonga”;”TO”
“Trinidad and Tobago”;”TT”
“Tunisia”;”TN”
“Turkey”;”TR”
“Turkmenistan”;”TM”
“Turks and Caicos Islands”;”TC”
“Tuvalu”;”TV”
“Uganda”;”UG”
“Ukraine”;”UA”
“United Arab Emirates”;”AE”
“United Kingdom”;”UK”
“United States”;”US”
“US Minor Outlying Isl.”;”UM”
“Uruguay”;”UY”
“Uzbekistan”;”UZ”
“Vanuatu”;”VU”
“Vatican (Holy See)”;”VA”
“Venezuela”;”VE”
“Viet Nam”;”VN”
“Virgin Islands, U.S.”;”VI”
“Wallis and Futuna”;”WF”
“Western Sahara”;”EH”
“Yemen”;”YE”
“Zambia”;”ZM”
“Zimbabwe”;”ZW”

Today’s Age reports that Australian Centre for Contemporary Art is hurrying to defend this:

In the installation, artists and the public are invited to email works to the gallery, which are vetted, printed and displayed in a process streamed live to a website.

But the project, called myworkisintheaustraliancentreforcontemporaryart, is a promotion for Hewlett Packard, and the fine print gives the technology giant extensive copyright.

It just struck me as a great example of all that is wrong with the current Intellectual Property regime that permeates most of the globe at the moment. It typifies the loss of control over their own art that many artists are facing and the concentration of intellectual property into the hands of a shrinking number of highly litigious multi-national corporations.

To state the obvious, how does this do anything to encourage creativity or protect artists?

I’ve just returned home from the ACTU Media and Communications Conference where I delivered a presentation on free, Open-Source Content Management Systems in the context of cheaper alternatives for Union websites.

Please feel free to leave comments/questions below and note that I do freelance web development work which you can email me about hammy@goonanism.com

See over the page for my presentation.

Free and Open-Source Content Management Systems have come a long way in recent years. The software is now quite mature and very powerful enabling just about everything you could want on a website.

These systems are an ideal way to set up a campaign website and can be extended to become fully blown, but cost effective, union sites.

What is a Content Management System?
A CMS is a piece of software that manages the display and structure of content. This presentation is more specifically about Website Content Management Systems which are pieces of software that can be used to manage a website’s content, appearance, navigation and just about everything else.

They take most of the coding out of web development and make managing a website much more user friendly.

What is Open Source Software?
In essence, Open Source Software is software that is available in source code form. This means that anyone can view and edit that code and it is usually developed in a collaborative environment.

Perhaps the best known examples of Open Source Software are the Firefox web browser and the Linux operating system.

Why Open Source?
Being free is an attractive element. But OSS also tends to be both user friendly and highly customisable. It also tends to be very stable because the source code can be viewed and edited, therefore any security or programmatic vulnerabilities are usually found and patched quite quickly. It is also much easier for developers to create addons that are commonly released for free as well which means you can extend the functionality of the site very easily using these free addons.

Open Source software is also often quite ‘Light weight’ which means that it doesn’t put much strain on a computer’s hardware.

In addition, by using an open source CMS, all the ‘grunt’ work of putting a website together is already done. All you have to do is add your content structure and content which is a considerable time save and time saving means cost saving.

What sort of setup do I need?
Just a brief technical note: if you intend to develop a website yourself you will need the following:

• A Web server that is running LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP: these are the operating system, server, database and programming language that all of the WCM site I mention here require)
• Ideally it will include either cPanel or Plesk which not only help with the management of the web server but can often install each of the WCMs we mention here with just a couple of clicks.

Which WCM to use?
Website Content Management systems have come a long way in the past 5 or so years and it is now possible to develop a website with little technical knowledge.

3 WCMs in particular lead the way: WordPress, Joomla and Drupal. They have the greatest market share, they are most widely used by developers and freelancers and there is a considerable amount of literature available for each in print and online. They are each very powerful and relatively simple to use given their capacity.

Using one of these WCMs should also dramatically reduce the amount of work that a developer has to do to put a website together that can mean a considerable saving. However, if you would like to go it alone, installing these CMSs is easy providing your hosting includes cPanel or Plesk.

WordPress
Wordpress (wordpress.org) is a very popular blogging platform. It generally displays content chronologically and is geared towards fairly dynamic/regularly changing content. However, because it is so easily customisable, it is possible to make the content appear in just about any manner.

WordPress probably works best as a smaller site that will complement your main site such as a campaign site. Examples include:

• http://manufacturingalliance.org.au/
• http://fairgoforbillionaires.com.au

But can also be used for main site – see Maritime Union of NZ:

• http://www.munz.org.nz/

Other examples of WordPress sites include:

• http://cathbowtell.com
• http://crikey.com.au
• http://www.number10.gov.uk
• http://www.populationmedia.org/
• http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/
• http://www.bgcomaha.org/
• http://livestrongblog.org/
• http://www.childrensrights.org/

Joomla!
Joomla! (joomla.org) is probably the most ‘complete’ WCM system of the three. Whilst the content structure takes a little longer to get used to, it is also quite flexible, allowing you to display content in a wide variety of ways. There is a huge number of 3rd party plugins and templates that are available as well.

It has the potential for ‘second-level’ navigation and is therefore suited to ‘deeper’ informational sites and membership / login areas.

For example:
http://www.asuvic.org

Other examples of Joomla! Sites include:

• http://premier.vic.gov.au
• http://hacsu.asn.au
• http://www.alliance.org.au/
• http://www.asumembers.org.au/
• http://www.asuqld.asn.au/
• http://bettermentalhealth.org.au

Drupal
Drupal (drupal.org) is both the most flexible system and the most complex system. Its content structure has two tiers and if you are creating a very basic site it is a very easy system to use. However once you want to do a bit more it tends to get more complex quite quickly.

A lot of basic tasks require 3rd party plugins and many 3rd party plugins rely on other 3rd party plugins which can mean untangling a web of different bits and pieces to get a task done. The documentation for these addons is also lacking and generally very technical as is broader community support for help on more basic issues.

However the additional flexibility enables a huge range of things and makes Drupal capable of just about any task at just about any scale.

For example the ACTU’s new Extranet which is based on Drupal and has been extended to include complex user permissions and a document management system among other things:

http://www.uweb.actu.org.au/

On the other hand, Oxfam have a much simpler Drupal-based site that demonstrates the way Drupal can be set up as a campaign site with a series of actions:

http://www.oxfam.org/

Other examples include:

• http://melbourne.foe.org.au
• http://www.twulocal100.org/
• http://massbuildingtrades.org/
• http://gbclc.com/
• http://ufcwone.org/
• http://www.whitehouse.gov/
• http://www.hrw.org/
• http://www.pm.gov.au/
• http://www.amnesty.org

Until a few days ago, I’d seen ‘Grog’s Gamut‘ appear in my twitter feed from time to time as someone I follow retweeted him, but never really paid attention.

Of course since then James Massola has revealed the identity of Grog’s Gamut and the interwebs have spewed forth huge volumes of work on the man and his anonymity. This is hardly surprising given that it is an issues that just about everyone that blogs or tweets has put some thought into from time to time.

For the record, I don’t think it was unethical to out Grog’s Gamut. However, I do think it’s quite boring and I question to value in doing so. There is probably a little public interest, not because he’s a public servant, but because it is gossip. I don’t see how traditional media expects to be taken seriously when it prints boring rubbish like this.

To make matters worse, the boringness of this sort of reporting is further punctuated by the fact that the only reason anyone is interested in Grog’s Gamut is because he’s quite good at what he does and is yet another example of new media are out performing traditional media.

But for me the more interesting question the issue raises is on of trust and legitimacy. In traditional media, what is written falls under the banner of the once respected masthead of the paper they are writing for. New Media practitioners have to actually earn the trust of their audience and that is even harder to do if you are anonymous.

Grog’s Gamut was clearly a good read – so good he managed to influence the ABC’s the managing director Mark Scott. By all accounts he was insightful and that cut through the cacophony of other blogs that are less insightful (like this one). To have your writing noticed, acknowledged and trusted* when no one knows who you are or what your credentials are is quite remarkable.

*The same issue presents itself to wikileaks and I think it’s fair to say that there is currently a concerted effort to undermine the trust that the organisation enjoys that legitimacy by a range of people.

Criticism of Labor’s National Broadband Network all seems to be pointed fairly squarely at the economic viability of the scheme. Or perhaps more specifically, is it necessary to provide fibre to the home for 93% of the population when those in more remote areas could simply use wireless while the major population centres get fibre to the premises?

In yesterday’s Crikey Peter J.Cox of Cox Media (who could really do with a new website) said:

My concern is not with the need for national broadband but with the arguments for delivering a 100 MB, or 1 GB fibre, system to nearly every home in the country at an extraordinary cost.

… and Malcolm Turnbull took a similar line in the Sydney Morning Herald today:

The real question is about the government spending $43 billion on an infrastructure project and asserting, but not demonstrating, that it will deliver value for money.

Now, just to be clear, $43 billion is a huge amount of money. But I think it is money well spent. Of course I don’t know the details of the way it will be spent but I’m happy for our Government to spend $43 billion on providing 93% of the population which up to 1Gb internet connects, both up and down. Providing these speeds both up and down is a very important point as well and enables a wide range of things that ADSL wireless do not and cannot have the capacity for.

Better still, the technology is as future proof as you can get. We’re talking about approaching the speed of light which is generally the upper limit of human endeavours for now. Moreover, it’s capacity is astounding, far exceeding anything wireless or satellite could even begin to imagine.

By and large, the market system is pretty good at determining prices for most things. However it clearly fails in some key areas. Health and education are the obvious two but there are others. In a country the size of Australia, market forces will not be able to provide rural and regional Australia (ie those most isolated and reliant on telecommunications) with an internet service of the likes of the NBN. Therefore it is necessary for the government to step in, spend up and deliver a service to 93% of the population that will put us on par with countries like South Korea. Imagine that, Broken Hill having the same sorts of internet speeds as Japan.

The Rudd Government had two good ideas, their stimulus package (thank you for my $900) and their NBN policy. If there is a problem with the NBN, it is that the Government intends to sell it at some stage in the future. I say we should keep it in public hands.

So, I’m currently doing a job (well Spire Software is but more on that later) where I’m building a registration form and payment gateway.

It has been a while since I’d done any payment gateways and I was looking forward to using the CakePHP frame work and it’s Security Component. But I’ve had a bit of a * forehead slap* moment which I thought might be worth sharing.

So basically the Security component protects against a range of of things like Cross Site Scripting (XSS – where someone tries to submit data to your site from another) and SQL injection. Being a payment gateway, I also wanted to use SSL.

So I found the Techno Geeks post which contains a very clever way of ensuring that all requests are forced to use SSL.

So I set up my beforeFilter method like this:

function beforeFilter() {
$this->Auth->allow('*');
$this->Security->blackHoleCallback = 'forceSSL';
$this->Security->requireSecure('confirmation', 'processing');
}
function forceSSL() {
$this->redirect('https://' . env('SERVER_NAME') . $this->here);
}

When I implemented it for the two pages that I wanted to use the Security Component I was getting my page, only with several undefined indexes.

Fundamentally, what I wasn’t understanding is what a ‘black hole’ was. Essentially what is meant by ‘Black Holed’ is the site kills the request and gives a 404 Error Page (or Page Not Found). This prevents any nastiness happening and gets rid of any annoying bots out there who just think the page doesn’t exist. So unless you meet the requirements of the Security Component (ie you’re not using SSL) you get black holed.

For the Security component to ‘ok’ a form submission it needs to meet a range of criteria, not least of which is that the request uses a Secure Server Licences (SSL – in other words the web address needs to start with https).

So what was happening is the form was being submitted from a page that was not using SSL and therefore did not meet the security requirements. Instead of just showing a 404 error as the Security Component would usually, it was calling the forceSSL() method which was redirecting me to the same page, only with a https URL. Instead of submitting a form to that page, I was now being redirected to it instead and all the form data that was submitted was being lost.

So to fix it I just changed the parameters I passed to the ‘requireSecure’ methor to an ‘*’ (so that all pages required it). So that line is changed to:

$this->Security->requireSecure('*');

By doing so, I ensure that the form is submitted from a page with SSL enabled (as it automatically redirects me) and the security component is happy, the redirection doesn’t happen and therefore our data is intact.

And we’re done.

The php mail() function is great. Super easy to use and no setup required. But it would seem some spam filters are often suspicious of email sent this way and rightly or wrongly I just don’t feel it is reliable enough.

I’m currently redesigning the Goonanism home page – it’s starting to look a bit stale (launch TBA) and I thought it was important that the contact page on the new site was as reliable as possible.

Knowing that my web hosts supported PEAR I decided to use PEAR’s Mail function instead. So I wrote the following script:
< ?php
    $name = $_POST['name'];
    $email = $_POST['email'];
    $message = $_POST['message'];
    require_once("Mail.php");
    $from = 'Website Enquiry ';
    $to = "Hammy Goonan ";
    $subject = "Website enquiry";
    $body = $message;
    $host = "hostdetails";
    $username = "username";
    $password = "password";
    $headers = array ('From' => $from,
        'To' => $to,
        'Subject' => $subject
    );
    $smtp = Mail::factory('smtp',
        array ('host' => $host,
            'auth' => true,
            'username' => $username,
            'password' => $password,
            'port' => '25'
        )
    );
    $mail = $smtp->send($to, $headers, $body);
    if (PEAR::isError($mail)) {
        echo($mail->getMessage());
    }
    else {
        echo("Message successfully sent!");
    }
?>

This gave me an error saying:

Class 'Net_SMTP' not found in /usr/local/php52/pear/Mail/smtp.php on line 210

So, using siteground as my host, I followed this tutorial.

Having uploaded the Net_STMP files and setting up my php.ini files I then got this error:

Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required 'PEAR.php' (include_path='.:/usr/lib/php:/usr/local/lib/php:/home/goonanis/pear') in /home/goonanis/pear/Net_SMTP/SMTP.php

So it was clear to me that because of the new php.ini file, I would have to upload all the dependant packages to get this working.

Having uploaded various packages I was still getting an error saying:

Call to undefined method PEAR_Error::send()

Reading through various forums I realised that Mail::factory() will return a PEAR_Error object upon failure. So $smtp became a PEAR_Error so when I tried to call PEAR_Error::send() it wasn’t there, hence the error.

When I print_r() $smtp the PEAR_Error Object was actually throwing an error saying:

Unable to find class for driver smtp

A much more useful error message.

I only mention all of this because I had a lot of trouble sorting through forums to find this information out.

Anyway, the long and the short of it was that I needed to have the following packages and file structure for the PEAR Mail function to work:

pear
    /Mail
        /RFC822.php
        /mail.php
        /mock.php
        /null.php
        /sendmail.php
        /smtp.php
        /smtpmx.php
    /Net
        /SMTP.php
        /Socket.php
    /Mail.php
    /PEAR.php
    /PEAR5.php

Which you can find in the following PEAR packages:

• Pear
• Mail
• Net_Socket
• Net_STMP

I hope that helps!

So Conroy’s proposed ISP level filter of the Internet just won’t work for a range of technical reasons. Whether or not it is effective in blocking websites, it will not stop one person getting access to child pornography so is therefore an awful waste of money. And that’s just the practical problem with it. The principled problem with it is that, inevitability, the filter’s scope will be broadened at some stage one way or another as history has shown us for just about every other breach of a population’s civil liberties. Civil Liberties are called that because they protect you from government so it is always dangerous to compromise.

But there is no doubt that the proliferation and normalisation of pornography is directly linked to it being available through the Internet. I think pornography is damaging to both women and men. It is even more damaging when it becomes normalised and is no longer challenged the way it should be.

Many opponents to the filter are saying that this money would be more effectively spent on educational initiatives. Teach ‘the kids’ how to avoid this sort of material. Increasingly I think that idea is also laughable. Young people are intuitively better at using computers and the internet than older people because they have always had it and just ‘get’ it.

What needs to be taught is respect for women and respect for yourself. Young people need to understand that pornography is not healthy and need to be given the tools to negotiate the mountains of contradictory and confusing emotions and responses they are experiencing. They need to be given guidance on how to deal with these feelings and thoughts and how to channel them in a healthy, constructive way which includes an intimate awareness of the role gender plays.

Sure, the Internet has made pornography freely and easily available. But it’s not the Internet’s fault, the internet is inherently neutral. It’s the patriarchy that is to blame and needs to be challenged and no amount of filtering the internet will do that.